Molten sulfur and volcanic gases are bubbling out of a vent along the far wall of Sulfur Cauldron, keeping the partially-crusted surface of the pond undulating. Sometimes the heaving is so great that pieces of crust near the vent break off, tip on end, and are pulled downward by the convecting currents in the pond. Video courtesy of Submarine Ring of Fire 2006 Exploration, NOAA Vents Program.